I had some problems with the installation of SolidWorks 2014 SP2 on my workstation and after several attempts, the last one was the right one.
On the other hand, in all the toolbars I am missing icons!
For example, on the attached screenshot, we can see that there is very little icon for the sketch.
I added the "new" "open" and "add-ons" icons by hand, but I don't have access to the small triangle that allows you to expand them (like to access the add-ons).
Now I must admit that I'm drying!
I got the settings from another workstation that has SW2014 SP2 too and that works fine, but it didn't have any effect. I also renamed the registry folder, with no effect either!
I had the same problem and had to reconfigure my toolbars (Which doesn't take much time). As GT22 said: Options (the little arrow on the right of the icon), customize, command and then drag the icons of your choice into your toolbar, or, right click on the toolbar, customize and ditto...
You can actually add the icons via "custom/shortcut bar/drop-down toolbar" for tools with options (tangent arc, 3-point arc)
But at the beginning the installation is not done correctly (bad uninstallation, reinstallation etc.) which can cause multiple problems. Especially with this rather capricious software...
So I will advise you to uninstall everything, to pass a ccleaner, and to reinstall everything well.
If you don't want to redo everything, you can try an installation repair through the windows control panel.
It is certainly possible to put everything back in place but it is not normal and one bug will cause another, one fine day, there will be another problem.
Try a clean install, as said above, a ccleaner hit, a defrag, possibly a little malware's bytes hit to eliminate the threads and it should do it:)