@ gt22, I looked at your post and I think the references are good. Especially since they work in one direction and even in both under SW 2015.
@ sbadenis, I tried to change the references for the holes rather than the screws but the problem persists, the references are only found in one direction.
Otherwise last attempt can be removed the coaxiality, keep the coincidence and to position your part 1 in relation to assembly 1 play with the right and top plane.
It still doesn't work. I tried several types of references with planes, faces, axes and edges but the result is always the same: the constraints are added in one order of insertion of the parts/assemblies but not in the other while it works very well in Solidworks 2015. The Soliworks 2012 bug is the most likely cause of this behavior.
@ OBI WAN, I agree with you that it's hyperstatic. So I tried to change my references with the ones you gave in the document but it doesn't change the result and the constraints are always only in one direction.
Yes, that's right. Constraint references have the same name in the parts/assemblies used. The number, type, and all parameters of the references are the same.
By continuing to experiment, I have found a method that seems to work.
In fact, we should not use the flat surfaces directly as a reference but we should use a reference plane which is itself constrained in relation to the desired surface.